列车人工气候室飘雪实验参数设计研究
Parameter design of snow drift experiment in artificial climate chamber of train
- 铁道科学与工程学报 2023年20卷第11期 页码：4321-4332
- 作者机构：
1.青岛理工大学 环境与市政工程学院，山东 青岛 266520
2.中车株洲电力机车有限公司，湖南 株洲 412000
3.青岛国际机场集团有限公司，山东 青岛 266520
- 作者简介：
梁士民(1985—)，男，山东临沂人，副教授，博士，从事可再生能源利用方面的研究；E-mail：liangshimin@qut.edu.cn
- 基金信息：山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2022ME148)
DOI：10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20222432
中图分类号：
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梁士民,张泽群,田忠浩等.列车人工气候室飘雪实验参数设计研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2023,20(11):4321-4332.
LIANG Shimin,ZHANG Zequn,TIAN Zhonghao,et al.Parameter design of snow drift experiment in artificial climate chamber of train[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2023,20(11):4321-4332.
梁士民,张泽群,田忠浩等.列车人工气候室飘雪实验参数设计研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2023,20(11):4321-4332. DOI： 10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20222432.
LIANG Shimin,ZHANG Zequn,TIAN Zhonghao,et al.Parameter design of snow drift experiment in artificial climate chamber of train[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2023,20(11):4321-4332. DOI： 10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20222432.
摘要
列车驾驶员视野能见度直接关乎行驶安全，国际标准规范CEN-TR 16251中要求列车需进行覆雪实验，但目前规范中并未明确飘雪实验参数设置。为明确列车人工气候室飘雪实验参数，并满足均匀覆雪要求，以某列车人工气候室为研究对象，综合考虑冰雪粒径、初始风速和人工气候室风速等参数，依据列车人工气候室飘雪过程冰雪粒子运动特性预测模型，设计9个实验工况，并进行数值模拟及优化。研究结果表明：当列车头模型加入后，会引起气候室内气流组织产生变化，影响冰雪粒子的运动特性，降低预测模型的准确性，进而导致依据预测模型设计的9个实验工况中，仅有5个工况的列车头冰雪粒子捕捉率达到了85%～96.7%，列车头冰雪粒子覆盖率达到80%～85.7%，能满足列车头玻璃均匀覆雪要求，另外4个设计工况未能满足列车头玻璃均匀覆雪要求。进一步地，采用正交实验法优化不满足要求工况中的设计参数，结果显示，优化后列车头冰雪粒子捕捉率最大可达64%～98.1%，列车头冰雪粒子覆盖率可达80.1%～92.2%。本文以“均匀覆雪，兼顾节能”为原则，设计、优化并最终确定了能满足列车头玻璃均匀覆雪要求的9个实验室测试工况，结果可为列车人工气候室飘雪实验提供指导。
Abstract
The train driver’s field of vision is directly related to driving safety. The international standard specification of CEN-TR 16251 required trains to conduct snow cover experiments, but the current specification did not specify the parameter settings for falling snow experiments. In order to clarify the experimental parameters of falling snow in the train artificial climate chamber and meet the requirements of uniform snow cover, a train artificial climate chamber was used as the research object. Nine experimental conditions were designed and numerically simulated and optimized based on the prediction model of ice and snow particle motion characteristics of snow drifting in the train artificial climate chamber, taking into account the parameters of ice and snow particle size, initial wind speed and wind speed of the artificial climate chamber. The results are drawn as follows. When the train head model is added, it will cause changes in the airflow organization in the climate chamber, affecting the movement characteristics of snow and ice particles and reducing the accuracy of the prediction model, which in turn led to only five of the nine experimental working conditions designed according to the prediction model could meet the requirements of train head glass uniform snow cove. For the five conditions, the train head ice and snow particle capture rate reaches 85%～96.7%, and the train head ice and snow particle coverage rate reaches 80%～85.7%. Nevertheless, the other four design conditions fail to meet the requirements of train head glass uniform snow cover. Further, the orthogonal experiment method is used to optimize the design parameters in the unsatisfied working conditions, and the results show that the optimized train head ice and snow particle capture rate could reach 64%～98.1%, and the train head ice and snow particle coverage rate could reach 80.1%～92.2%. This paper is based on the principle of “uniform snow cover, taking into account energy saving”, and designed, optimized and finally determined the nine laboratory test conditions that could meet the requirements of uniform snow cover on the train head glass, and the results could provide guidance for the train artificial climate chamber snow drifting experiment.
关键词
飘雪实验列车人工气候室飘雪预测模型数值模拟均匀系数
Keywords
experiment of snow driftclimate chamber of trainprediction model of drifting snownumerical simulationuniformity coefficient
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